The iconic Doomsday
Clock remains poised at five minutes until midnight, the Science and
Security Board of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists announced today
(Jan. 14).
The clock is no doomsday
device — rather, it's a visual metaphor for the danger of a
"civilization-threatening technological catastrophe." Every year, the
board analyzes international threats, particularly nuclear arsenals and
climate change, and decides where the minute hand on the Doomsday Clock
should rest. The closer it is to midnight, the closer the world is to
doom.
"As always, new
technologies hold the promise of doing great good, supplying new sources
of clean energy, curing disease, and otherwise enhancing our lives.
From experience, however, we also know that new technologies can be used
to diminish humanity and destroy societies," the board wrote. "We can
manage our technology, or become victims of it. The choice is ours, and
the Clock is ticking." [How the Doomsday Clock Has Changed (Infographic)]
It's the end of the world as we know itThe Doomsday Clock is the invention of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, a publication started by some of the researchers who worked on the atomic bomb. The wife of one of these researchers, Martyl Langsdorf, was a painter. In 1947, she illustrated the first Bulletin cover to feature the Doomsday Clock — set at that point at 11:53 p.m.
Langsdorf died
in March 2013, but her creation lives on. In January 2012, the
Bulletin's board set the minute hand of the clock at 11:55 p.m., one
minute closer to midnight than the previous year. The decision was made
based on the current state of nuclear arsenals around the globe as well
as accidents such as the Fukushima nuclear meltdown that occurred in
2011 after a major earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Biosecurity is also
taken into account, with the creation of an airborne strain of H5N1 flu
worrying scientists in 2012.
This year, the board chose not to ease up on their warnings of doomsday,
because of stalled relations between the United States and Russia, two
countries with massive nuclear arsenals. After Russia offered political
asylum to former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, who
leaked classified documents about U.S. surveillance, President Barack
Obama cancelled a summit with Russia's Vladimir Putin, meaning there has
been little to no progress on plans to shrink nuclear arsenals,
according to the Bulletin.
Meanwhile, efforts to combat climate change
are struggling as well, the Bulletin board warned. The United States,
European Union and Australia all show wavering commitment to renewable
energy, and Japan has backed off promises to voluntarily reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
Hope for humanity?
The Bulletin board listed some steps humanity should take to secure its
future, including demanding that the United States and Russia reopen
dialogues on nuclear weapons.
The board also urged political leadership on climate change and
advocated for new rules to manage leaps forward in information
technology.
The closest the Doomsday Clock
has ever come to midnight was in 1953, when the minute hand ticked to
11:58 p.m. after the first test of the hydrogen bomb. It was at its most
optimistic in 1991, when the Bulletin board set the time at 17 minutes
to midnight as the Cold War ended.
Since 1991, however, the clock has been ticking gradually toward doom,
as it became clear that total nuclear disarmament would not be
happening.
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